The Intentional Coach: Bridging Intentionality and Ethicality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62882/m8cjnh07Keywords:
Ethicality, maturity, coaching, wellbeing, intentionalityAbstract
This paper examines the primary theme of intentionality in the professional development of experienced coaches, building upon the research presented in ‘On Becoming a Coach’ (Rajasinghe, Garvey, Smith, et al., 2022). The original study explored how coaches navigated their developmental journeys as they evolved into seasoned practitioners. Key themes identified in that research included: Vehicles of Development, Narratives of Awareness, Narratives of Letting Go, Ethical Practice, and Narratives of Becoming a Coach. This paper extends those findings by focusing on intentional learning, a deliberate, conscious effort to align professional growth with intentionality and ethicality, fostering personal and professional wellbeing in the process.
Drawing from my previous work on identity development (Smith, 2024), which examined the shifting nature of self-concept in becoming a coach, this paper highlights how intentional learning intersects with identity shifts and the evolution of ethicality. The study employs a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews with experienced coaches to explore how intentionality shapes professional development. Engines and Anchors of Intentional Learning, Novel Learning Frontiers, and Thriving and Mastery through Ethicality.
This research contributes to the emerging conversation on ethicality in coaching, a concept pioneered by this work. It demonstrates how intentional learning fosters professional growth and ethical maturity. It presents a practice model rooted in ethical responsibility and lifelong learning. The paper discusses practical implications for coach educators, emphasising the importance of creating environments that nurture intentionality to enhance coaching effectiveness and ethical practice.
References
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
Baird, J. R., & Northfield, J. R. (1992). Learning from the PEEL experience (2nd ed.). Monash University Printing Services.
Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications. The Guilford Press.
Bereiter, C., & Scardamalia, M. (2018). Intentional learning as a goal of instruction. In L. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser (pp. 361–392). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315044405
Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain (pp. 1103-1133). New York: Longman.
Biggs, J. (1987). Student approaches to learning and studying. Australian Council for Educational Research.
Burt, S., Rajasinghe, D., Garvey, B., Barosa-Pereira, A., & Clutterbuck, D. (2024). What do coaches actually do to learn and develop? A qualitative exploration of the development narratives of experienced coaches. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 22(2), 71–88. https://doi.org/10.24384/a16t-f34
Carbone, A., Hurst, J., Mitchell, I., & Gunstone, D. (2009, January). An exploration of internal factors influencing student learning of programming. In Proceedings of the Eleventh Australasian Conference on Computing Education-Volume 95(pp. 25-34).
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Principles of self-regulation: Action and emotion. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 3–52). Guilford Press.
de Haan, E. (2008). Relational Coaching: Journeys Towards Mastering One-to-One Learning. Wiley.
de Haan, E., Molyn, J., & Nilsson, V. O. (2020). New findings on the effectiveness of the coaching relationship: Time to think differently about active ingredients?. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 72(3), 155.
Dweck, C. (2015). Carol Dweck revisits the growth mindset. Education week, 35(5), 20-24. Retrieved November 7, 2022: https://www.studentachievement.org/wp-content/uploads/Carol-Dweck-Revisits-the-Growth-Mindset.pdf
Dweck CS, & Yeager DS (2019). Mindsets: A view from two eras. Perspectives on Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618804166
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087–1101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087
Eraut, M. (2004). Informal learning in the workplace. Studies in Continuing Education, 26(2), 247–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/158037042000225245
Galbally, P., & Christodoulidi, F. (2023). Personalised learning pedagogies and the impact on student progression and retention: The case of counselling training within a university setting. Teaching in Higher Education, 28(8), 2148-2167. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2023.2211933
Hampshire, A., Hellyer, P. J., Parkin, B., Hiebert, N., MacDonald, P., Owen, A. M., ... & Rowe, J. (2016). Network mechanisms of intentional learning. Neuroimage, 127, 123-134.
Hatton, N., & Smith, D. (1995). Facilitating reflection: Issues and research. Forum of Education, 50(1), 49-65.
Herrington, J., Parker, J., & Boase-Jelinek, D. (2014). Connected authentic learning: Reflection and intentional learning. Australian Journal of Education, 58(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004944113517830
Iran-Nejad, A., McKeachie, W. J., & Berliner, D. C. (1990). The multisource nature of learning: An introduction. Review of educational research, 60(4), 509-515.
Kolb, D.A. (1984). Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Kolb, D. A., Boyatzis, R. E., & Mainemelis, C. (2014). Experiential learning theory: Previous research and new directions. In Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles (pp. 227-247). Routledge.
Marshall, J. and Smart, J. (2013) Teachers’ Transformation to Inquiry-Based Instructional Practice. Creative Education, 4, 132-142. doi: 10.4236/ce.2013.42019.
Marton, F., & Säljö, R. (1976). On qualitative differences in learning: I. Outcome and process. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 46(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1976.tb02980.x
Maslow, A. H. (1967). A theory of metamotivation: The biological rooting of the value-life. Journal of humanistic psychology, 7(2), 93-127.
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. L. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244(4907), 933–938. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2658056
Ng, B. (2018). The neuroscience of growth mindset and intrinsic motivation. Brain sciences, 8(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8020020
Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., & Eby, L. T. (2006). Locus of control at work: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(8), 1057–1087. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.416
Pintrich, P. R. (2000a). Multiple goals, multiple pathways: The role of goal orientation in learning and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(3), 544–555. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.92.3.544
Pintrich, P. R. (2000b). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), The handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451–502). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Rajasinghe D., Garvey, R., Smith, WA., Burt, S., Clutterbuck, D., Barosa-Pereira, A., & Csiga, Z., (2022). On becoming a coach: Narratives of Learning and Development: The Coaching Psychologist; 18(2)
Rhew, E., Piro, J. S., Goolkasian, P., & Cosentino, P. (2018). The effects of a growth mindset on self-efficacy and motivation. Cogent Education, 5(1), 1492337.
Rogers, C. R. (1979). The foundations of the person-centered approach. Education, 100(2), 98-107.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2018). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
Schön, D. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner. How professionals think in action, London: Temple Smith. 374 + x.
Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Macmillan. https://www.bfskinner.org/newtestsite/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ScienceHumanBehavior.pdf
Smith, M. K. (1994) Local Education, Buckingham: Open University Press.
Smith, W.A. (2024). Identity: Shifting sands of becoming a coach. Journal of Coaching Ethics, 1(9). https://doi.org/10.62882/tb3b6j37
Smith, WA., & Clutterbuck. D. (2023). Ethics case studies for coach education and development. In WA. Smith, E. Hirsch Pontes, D. Magadlela, & D. Clutterbuck, (Eds.). Ethical Case Studies for coach Development and Practice: A Coach’s Companion: Routledge
Smith, WA., King, S., Lai, YL. (2021). Coaching with Emotions and Creating High Quality Connections in the Workplace. In: Smith, WA., Boniwell, I., Green, S. (eds) Positive Psychology Coaching in the Workplace. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79952-6_10
Smith, W. A., McCarthy, S., & Rosefield, M. (2025). Positive psychology coaching: Embodying wellbeing and ethicality. Journal of Coaching Ethics, 2(2), https://doi.org/10.62882/48dea944
Smith, WA., Passmore, J., Turner, E., Lai, Y.-L., & Clutterbuck, D. (Eds.). (2023). The Ethical Coaches’ Handbook: A Guide to Developing Ethical Maturity in Practice. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003277729
Snyder, C. R., Irving, L. M., & Anderson, J. R. (1991). Hope and health. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective (pp. 285–305). Pergamon Press.
Spector, P. E. (1988). Development of the Work Locus of Control Scale. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 61(4), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1988.tb00470.x
Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023779
Vosniadou, S. (2003). Exploring the relationships between conceptual change and intentional learning. In Intentional conceptual change. In G. M. Sinatra & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Intentional conceptual change (pp. 377–406). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410606716
Yeager, D. S., & Dweck, C. S. (2020). What can be learned from growth mindset controversies?. American psychologist, 75(9), 1269.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012109890-2/50031-7
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Wendy-Ann Smith (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Published open access under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND). This license permits others to share the work with proper attribution, for non-commercial purposes only, and without any modifications.
